灰度：Ordinals 可以解鎖比特幣的新潛力嗎？（英文原版）_OIN

Since its inception, Bitcoin has been hailed by some as a revolutionary technology with the potential to transform the way we conduct transactions using a new financial layer. Recently, a new innovation has emerged that could unlock new possibilities for the Bitcoin network to also function as a cultural layer. Ordinals1, which refer to NFT2-like assets on the Bitcoin network, had their start in December 2022 when Bitcoin developer Casey Rodarmor released the ORD software. Each bitcoin can be subdivided into 100 million smaller units called “satoshis,” and while normally these satoshis are fungible3, ORD assigns numerical values to individual satoshis, allowing for uniqueness. More specifically, ORD, which runs on top of a Bitcoin Core full node, allows users to add arbitrary data to a Bitcoin transaction (“inscription”) and tie the data to an individual satoshi4 (“ordinal”). Ordinals have generated a great deal of attention in the crypto ecosystem, surpassing one million inscriptions on April 8, 2023 (Figure 2), and sparking a conversation about the potential to unlock new possibilities for the Bitcoin network.

Figure 1: Simplified Bitcoin Inscriptions and Ordinals Example

Source: Grayscale Research

灰度：已就對SEC拒絕比特幣現貨ETF的訴訟提交最終簡報:2月8日消息，灰度在推特上表示：“上周，灰度在我們的訴訟中提交了我們的最終簡報，質疑美國證券交易委員會拒絕將GBTC美元轉換為現貨比特幣ETF的決定。這些與之前提交的其他摘要基本相同，但有額外的引用和參考。準備供 DC 巡回法院法官小組閱讀的摘要是必要的要求。我們期待在2023年 3月7日在專家組面前陳述我們的案件。”

此前去年6月份消息，美國SEC拒絕灰度現貨比特幣ETF申請，同日灰度法律顧問向華盛頓特區巡回上訴法院提交了復審請愿以作為提前訴訟的第一步，提交復核申請后，訴訟過程將涉及簡報，法官選擇、口頭辯論和最終判決。1月24日消息，美國法院加快灰度訴美SEC案的的口頭辯論，雙方將于3月7日向法院陳述案情。[2023/2/8 11:54:00]

This process effectively creates a Non-Fungible Token (“NFT”) on the Bitcoin network. While some are critical of ordinals, cautioning against bloating the blockchain or harming fungibility, we believe that ordinals represent one of the larger opportunities for Bitcoin adoption, especially as the Bitcoin network has historically been viewed as a rigid blockchain ecosystem. 

Figure 2: Ordinals Count

Source: Dune, @dgtl_assets, as of 4/21/2023

Despite their recent popularity, ordinals are not the first instance of NFTs on the Bitcoin blockchain. Renowned Bitcoin NFT projects, such as Rare Pepe Cards (Figure 3), employed a Layer 25 network known as Counterparty, which was established in 2014. However, Counterparty’s Layer 2 infrastructure was criticized for being complicated, which left room for other approaches to take hold. While the Counterparty network may seem less relevant today, it still represents one of the first instances in crypto’s history where users created and traded unique digital assets – and arguably could have spurred the mass excitement around NFTs, more broadly.

灰度：Genesis Global Capital是灰度母公司旗下子公司，并非灰度產品的交易對手或服務提供商:金色財經報道，Grayscale Investments（灰度）發布產品運營報告，灰度稱，鑒于近期的市場事件，所持有的灰度數字資產產品的安全性不受影響。Genesis Global Capital是Grayscale母公司旗下子公司，Genesis Global Trading宣布暫停贖回和新貸款發放，Genesis Global Capital并非灰度任何產品的交易對手或服務提供商。灰度稱：

1.灰度產品繼續照常運營，最近發生的事件對產品運營沒有影響；

2.產品的資產仍然安全可靠，存放在深冷藏的隔離錢包中；

3.灰度不借入、出借、再抵押或以其他方式抵押產品的基礎資產，禁止資產托管人從事此類活動；

4.公開報價的產品繼續交易，并產生美國證券交易委員會和場外市場的報告和經審計的財務報表。[2022/11/16 13:13:45]

Figure 3: Rare Pepe Card on Counterparty Network

Source: Rare Pepes

Ordinals stand out among Bitcoin NFT endeavors due to their independence from Layer 2 solutions. Rather than relying on such solutions, ordinals capitalize on previous Bitcoin network enhancements, such as SegWit (conducted in 2017, and increased Bitcoin block size limit to 4MB) and Taproot (conducted in 2021, and added more complex scripting in the witness6 section of the transaction). Ultimately, ordinals enable data to be directly embedded within the witness segment of a Bitcoin transaction. Ordinals can be composed of almost any type of data, ranging from pictures to videos to applications (Figure 4).

Figure 4: Example of a Bitcoin Ordinal

Source: Doom Clone NFT

灰度：SEC一再拒絕現貨比特幣ETF可能違反行政程序法:金色財經報道，在美國證券交易委員會（SEC）最近拒絕了比特幣交易所交易基金(ETF)之后，灰度正在反駁該監管機構的論點。灰度致函SEC，聲稱該機構愿意批準基于期貨的產品而非現貨產品是“任意和反復無常的”，稱SEC的一再拒絕可能違反《行政程序法》(APA)。據悉，APA管理聯邦機構的決策過程。灰度在信中說：“根據1940年法案注冊的比特幣期貨ETP和不需要或沒有資格注冊的現貨比特幣ETP在所有相關方面都是相同的，但根據2021年11月12日的不批準命令中的分析，SEC對它們的的處理不一樣”。[2021/12/1 12:42:42]

As the use of ordinals deviates from the conventional peer-to-peer electronic cash system, numerous criticisms have arisen from those who disapprove of them. Generally, these criticisms can be summarized as follows:

Straying from Bitcoin’s initially conceived purpose: Utilizing the Bitcoin network to store arbitrary data contradicts the primary objective outlined in Satoshi’s 2013 whitepaper, which is for Bitcoin to serve as a “peer-to-peer electronic cash system.“

Blockchain bloat: Embedding additional data into the blockchain increases its size, making it more challenging to download and some argue that ordinals clutter the blockchain with extraneous information.

Compromises fungibility: If a substantial number of satoshis are inscribed, Bitcoin’s fungibility will diminish, potentially affecting its primary use case as electronic currency.

The concerns are valid: the original Bitcoin whitepaper does not account for unique digital assets, extra data contributing to blockchain bloat, nor inscriptions that could reduce fungibility. Still, ordinals are, in fact, a byproduct of utilizing the Bitcoin blockchain as it exists today and the subsequent crypto innovations that have come since, even if not initially envisioned by Bitcoin’s creator. And—while the inscription of satoshis does decrease fungibility—it is estimated that it would take around 238 years7 to mint ~.24% of total terminal BTC supply.  

灰度：100%致力于將GBTC轉變為比特幣ETF:灰度發布公告表示，平臺100%致力于將GBTC轉變為比特幣ETF。灰度于2016年申請比特幣ETF，2017年花了很多時間和SEC就此進行對話，但是因為監管環境未成熟，因此撤回申請。除了比特幣信托外，灰度還推出很多信托產品，灰度表示其目的一直是將這些產品轉變為ETF。目前，灰度認為時機比較成熟，并表示該目標實現之后，GBTC持有人無需采取任何行動，灰度將下調管理費。[2021/4/5 19:47:26]

We believe that ordinals are positive for the Bitcoin network in two key ways: resulting in an increase of Bitcoin miner fees, and potentially contributing to a cultural transformation within the Bitcoin community.  

One of the largest open issues related to Bitcoin’s economic model is the security budget, which is the concern that once all new tokens have been mined, miner rewards derived from transaction activity may eventually prove insufficient to motivate miners to maintain an adequate hash rate for securing the network. The advent of ordinals has led to an increase in total fees paid to miners (Figure 5), which could potentially establish a sustainable baseline level of transaction fees to incentivize miners, thereby ensuring continued network security throughout the lifetime of the Bitcoin network.

Figure 5: Bitcoin Total Fees 

Source: Glassnode, as of 4/21/2023. For illustrative purposes only.

Bitcoin-the largest digital asset by market cap and mainstream awareness-has been criticized by some crypto insiders and developers as a relatively stagnant community and blockchain. Based on the velocity of NFT adoption witnessed on other chains, such as Ethereum, we believe that ordinals have the potential to attract new users who may not have previously considered using Bitcoin. We believe the emergence of ordinals is likely to promote a development-oriented community and culture in support of the Bitcoin network. 

聲音 | 灰度：比特幣是現代投資者的新黃金:據AMBCrypto消息，美國數字資產管理公司灰度（Grayscale）發布的最新研究報告指出，隨著貨幣和支付系統的發展，比特幣將繼續威脅并取代黃金作為最終貨幣資產。該報告進一步比較了比特幣和黃金的效用和特征，以及貨幣的7個因素，即稀缺性、可驗證性、持久性、可移植性、可分割性、可替代性和可識別性。[2019/6/8]

Since its inception in 2017, the ERC721 standard has been adopted by some of the most well-known NFT collections on Ethereum. While other blockchains use their own standards, it is a natural reference point to compare Bitcoin Ordinals to Ethereum’s ERC721, considering Ethereum NFTs account for nearly 90% of the total NFT market share. Ordinals exhibit several notable distinctions in comparison. 

Ultimately, ordinals present a straightforward manifestation of non-fungible digital assets due to their immutable nature, absence of programmability, and mandatory on-chain inscription requirements, as opposed to ERC721s. Although Ethereum NFTs boast greater programmability and currently dominate the NFT market in terms of volume and popularity, ordinals could be an appealing alternative for those seeking a straightforward, scarcer digital asset on the most established blockchain available.

Although ordinals are a recent development, they have already amassed over one million inscriptions within a mere four months, even during a bear market. This unexpected surge in popularity may indicate a shift in the broader perception of Bitcoin, despite its reputation as an ossified blockchain. While legitimate concerns exist, we believe that ordinals have the potential to positively impact the Bitcoin network in the longer-term, attracting a new wave of enthusiastic users and developers to embrace the Bitcoin community.

 “Ordinals” refers to a numbering scheme for satoshis that allows tracking and transferring individual satoshis.

  A non-fungible token is a unique digital identifier that is recorded on a blockchain, and is used to certify ownership and authenticity. 

 Fungibility is the property of a good or a commodity whose individual units are essentially interchangeable, and each of whose parts are indistinguishable from any other part.

 The smallest unit of bitcoin; there are 100 million satoshis in one bitcoin.

 Layer 2 blockchain solutions are protocols designed to function atop a Layer 1 blockchain (such as Bitcoin or Ethereum) with the aim of enhancing scalability, privacy, and other attributes of the foundational blockchain.

 The witness segment within a Bitcoin transaction is responsible for housing transaction signatures. This information can be converted into accessible content-qobx for any Bitcoin node utilizing the ORD software.

 500 million inscriptions assuming around 10,000 satoshis per inscription, which equates to approximately 50,000 BTC inscribed or 0.24% of the total terminal supply of 21 million.

 Ethereum Request for Comments (ERC) 721 is a data standard for creating non fungible tokens, meaning each token is unique and cannot be divided or directly exchanged for another ERC-721 token. The ERC-721 standard allows creators to issue unique crypto assets like NFTs via smart contracts.

 The InterPlanetary File System is a protocol, hypermedia and file sharing peer-to-peer network for storing and sharing data in a distributed file system. 

來源：鴕鳥區塊鏈

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