Aptos vs. Sui：The Move is coming_ION

KeyInsights

●AptosandSuiareinthespotlightbecausetheyarebuiltonMove,aprogramminglanguageinspiredbyRustandtheircoreteamisfromMeta–Diem.●TheAptostestnetcanreachupto160,000TPSandisbasedontheBlock-STMparallelexecutionengineandthecriticalrotation.●Sui’stestnetworkTPScanreachabout120,000becauseitusesObjectsasabasicunitoptimizingitsthroughput.Also,Sui'sGaspricingandtransactionstoragemechanismcanbringabetterexperiencetousersanddevelopers.●AptosisfaraheadofSuiintermsofitsecosystemdevelopmentanddevelopmentprogress.●AptosandSuistillneedtogetmoreinfluentialpartnerstohelpthemsurviveinthecurrentmarket.

1.Introduction

Theyear2022seesabearmarketwiththemajorityofcryptocurrenciesplummetingduetoabunchofmacroeconomicfactorssuchasinflationandrisingunemploymentetc.However,insuchasluggishmarket,AptosandSuisuddenlymadethemthecenterofattentioninthecryptospace.Inthepasttwoyears,Solana,Avalanche,andotherEthereumkillersappearedinthemarketoneafteranotherandbroughtsignificantmarketinfluence,butnoonecantakeEthereum’splace.AsEthereumcontinuouslyupgradesitselfwiththerecentcompletionoftheMerge,otherchainsseemtohavenothingnewtoboastabout.EvenafterDfinitylauncheditstokenICP,awidespreadopinionisthattheblockchainwouldnolongergetanylovefromthemarket.However,AptosandSui,whomtopVCssprintedtowards,havebrokenthisnarrativewiththeMovelanguageadoptedandtheteamhailingfromDiem.1.1.TheMoveprogramminglanguage

Let'slookatMovefirst.ThemoveisaRust-basedprogramminglanguageforsmartcontractsandcustomtransactions,whichachievesextremelyhighthroughputandlowlatencythroughbatch,pipelined,andparalleltransactionprocessing.OverallthestrengthsoftheMovelanguagearesecurityandcomposability.1.1.1.DefinitionofAsset

Movedefinestokensasresources,unlikeotherprogramminglanguages,suchasSolidity,whichgenerallyseestokensasNumericvariables.Thedifferencebetweenthetwoisthatwhenatransactionoccursintheaccount,theMovelanguagebelievesthatthetokenmusttransfertoonecertainaddressoranother,orelseitwouldbeburned.Tokenasanassetcannotbecopiedordoublespent.LanguagessuchasSolidityconsiderassetstobedigital,sofromthemomentofthetransactiontotheend,thebalanceofthesentandreceivedaddressdecreasesorincreases.Move'sdefinitionofResourceavoidstheproblemofassetsbeinggeneratedoutofnowherebycodelogicandalgorithmerrorsfromtheverybeginning.1.1.2.Staticdispatch

Thala Labs鎖倉量接近2500萬美元，成為Aptos鏈上TVL最大DeFi協議:金色財經報道，據Thala Labs官推披露Defillama數據顯示，在主網部署后不到一周的時間里，Thala已積累了近2500萬美元的鎖倉量，并且超越PancakeSwap AMM，成為Aptos Network鏈上鎖倉量最大的DeFi協議。此前報道，Thala于北京時間4月6日上線Aptos主網并通過ThalaLaunch公開發行融資295.5萬美元。[2023/4/14 14:02:29]

Asinglesmartcontractcannotimplementallfunctionsforsomelargeprojects,sodynamicdispatchhasbecomethemaincallingmethodofSolidity.Thedynamicdispatchstoresthecodeinthelibraryaccordingtotheclassificationandusestheinterfacecallwhenthecontractneedsit,butthishasalsobecomeabreakthroughinthesecurityofthesmartcontract.Dynamicdispatchimprovesflexibility,butflexibilitymeansmorebugs.Incontrast,Moveusesstaticdispatch,whichischaracterizedbythefactthatallcontractshavealreadydeterminedtheirexecutionpathsandverifiedthemduringthecompilationphase,whichmeansthatdeveloperscanidentifyerrorsandexecutesmartcontractsbeforegoingonlineandreducetheprobabilityofdowntimeatruntime.1.1.3.Combinabilityofmodules

Themoveisbasedonthecombinationofmodulesandtheninteractswitheachotherthroughresourcepassing,whileSoliditymainlyreliesonthecombinationthroughmessagepassingunderremotecalls.Thedifferencebetweenthetwoisthatwhenoptimizationorextensionisneeded,inMove,onlythemoduleneedstobeoptimizedandthenthesmartcontractsusingthemodulewillbeautomaticallyupdated,whileinSolidityifthepreviouscontractisoptimized,itcannotbedirectlyupgradedanditerated.

1.2.TheriseandfallofDiem

In2019Facebook(nowMeta)startedLibra,ablockchain-basedpaymentsystemforlicensedstablecoins.However,itwaslaterforcedtorenameDiem,butitstortuousfatedidnotchangeatallwithitsnamechange.RegulatorsfromUSandEUforceittosuspendonthegroundsofinvasionofantitrustlawsandprivacy.Asaresult,severalqualifiedtechnicalstaffbegantoleavetheproject,includingMoShaikhandEvanCheng,wholatersetuptheirteamsandlaunchedAptosandSuiseparatelybasedonDiem.

2.AptosvsSui

2.1.TeamMostoftheAptosandSuicoremembersarefromNoviandDiemofMeta.BlockchainveteransworkingtogethermakeiteasyforAptosandSuitorisesoquickly.

2.2.Investors

AptosandSuiarebackedbyanall-starcast,andthefundraisingforthefirsttworoundshasreachedaverylargescale,at$350millionand$236millionrespectivelywithAptosslightlyahead.Aptos

AsofSeptember2022,Aptoscompletedtwofundraisingroundsata$2.75Bvaluation.BinanceLabsandDragonflyannouncedstrategicinvestmentsinAptosonMarch28andSeptember29,respectively,butthespecificcooperationandinvestmentamounthavenotbeendisclosed.SeedRoundDate：2022.3.15TotalAmountRaised：$200MInvestors:Leadbya16z,otherinvestorsinclude:MulticoinCapital,KatieHaun,3ArrowsCapital,ParaFiCapital,IRONGREY,Hashed,Variant,TigerGlobal,BlockTower,FTXVentures,Paxos,CoinbaseVentures,etc.ARoundDate：2022.7.26TotalAmountRaised：$150MInvestors:LeadbyFTXVenturesandJumpCrypto,otherinvestorsinclude:GriffinGamingPartners,FranklinTempleton,CircleVentures,Superscrypto,etc.Sui

數據：24小時內加密市場清算2.12億美元，其中包括3161萬美元APT空頭頭寸:1月26日消息，根據Coinglass的數據，在過去24小時內，已有2.12億美元加密頭寸遭遇市場清算，其中BTC在清算中占8070萬美元，而ETH占4881萬美元，約3161萬美元的APT空頭被清算。（Cryptoslate）[2023/1/26 11:31:12]

SinceDecember2021,MystenLabs,thedevelopingteamSuihasraisedtworoundsoffundingatavaluationof$2billion,andSuicurrentlyexpectstoraise$236million.ARoundDate：2021.12TotalAmountRaised：$36MInvestors:a16zandNFX,CoinbaseVentures,Lightspeed,SamsungNEXT,ScribbleVentures,Redpoint,ElectricCapital,SlowVentures,StandardCrypto,etc.BRoundDate：2022.7TotalAmountRaised：$200MInvestors:LeadbyFTXVentures,otherinvestorsinclude:a16z,JumpCrypto,Apollo,BinanceLabs,FranklinTempleton,CoinbaseVentures,CircleVentures,LightspeedVenturePartners,SinoGlobal,DentsuVentures,NGCVentures,A&TCapital,GreenoaksCapital,O'LearyVentures,etc.2.3.TechniquesandMechanism

AptosandSuiarebothbasedontheMoveprogramminglanguageandfocusonhigh-performanceparallelcomputingblockchain,whichclaimstobeabletoreachover100,000TPS.2.3.1ParallelExecution

BothAptosandSuiadoptparallelexecution.ThedifferencebetweenthisandEthereum'sEVMisthatitidentifiesindependenttransactionsandexecutesthematthesametime,whileotherinterdependenttransactionswillbepickedoutandexecutedinsequence.ThemechanismofEVMiseachtransactionisexecutedindividuallyinorder,andwhentheEVMexecutesthetransaction,alltherestwillbesuspendeduntilonetransactionexecutioniscompleted.TheproblemwiththeEVMmechanismisthatitgreatlyprolongsthetransactionexecutiontime,andusersareforcedtoincreasethegasfeetoexecutethetransactionearlierthanothers.Incontrast,parallelexecutioncanusehardwaremoreefficientlytoreducetransactionconfirmationtimeandachievebetterscalability.Thedifficultyfacedbyparallelexecutiontechnologyishowtoquicklyidentifyindependenttransactionsanddependenttransactions.Whenexecutinginparallel,itisnecessarytojudgewhetheratransactionwillaffectanothertransaction.Ifitaffects,itisdefinedasbeingdependent,anddependenttransactionsmustbeexecutedinorder.Forexample,AMMtransactionsinthesamepoolaredefinedasdependent,becausemultipledifferenttokensandaccountsareinvolvedintheirtransactions.Thewaytoidentifyindependenttransactionsiswhenanaccountorsmartcontractmodifiesitsmemorylocationswhenatransactionoccurs,andinterdependenttransactionsarethosethatattempttochangethesamememorylocationsinthesameblock.AptosAptosdevelopedBlock-STMtoidentifythedependenciesoftransactions,whichisthemainfactorforAptos'maximumTPStoreach160,000.Block-STMchoosesnottoletusersanddevelopersknowinadvancewhichpartofthememorytheyarelocatingbutinsteadusesOptimisticConcurrencyControl(assumingalltransactionsareindependent)tovalidatewhenBlock-STMexecutestransactions,andthestoragelocationmodifiedinthetransactionwillbemarked.Inthevalidatingphase,ifitisfoundthatthemarkedstoragelocationisaccessedbyothertransactions,itmeansthatthetransactioninthisstoragelocationisnotindependent,andthesystemwilltakeitoutandre-executeitinsequence.AccordingtotheofficialtestdataofAptos,whenthetransactionsarefewer,theexecutionspeedofBlock-STMis16timesfasterthanthatofsequentialexecutionusing32threads,andwhenmoretransactionsexecuteatthesametime,thespeedofBlock-STMisalso8times.DataSource：https://medium.com/aptoslabs/block-stm-how-we-execute-over-160k-transactions-per-second-on-the-aptos-blockchain-3b003657e4baSuiSuihasoptedforadifferentapproachthanAptoswhenitcomestotransactionprocessing.InSui'smechanism,anObjectisusedasthebasicunitinsteadofanAccount,andeachobjecthasauniqueIDasidentification.Objectsareclassifiedintothreetypesofassets,namelyimmutableassets(smartcontracts),singleassets(whichcanonlybemodifiedbytheirspecificowner),andsharedassets(whichcanbemodifiedbymultipleowners).Asingleassetcanonlybemodifiedbyitsspecificowner,whileasharedassetcanbemodifiedbymultipleowners.Thissettingreducesthedifficultyofidentifyingindependenttransactionsordependenciesbecauseassettypescanbequicklyidentifiedandconfirmedwhentheyareindependentlytraded.2.3.2.OtherMechanism

Dragonfly對公鏈Aptos進行戰略投資:9月29日消息，Dragonfly合伙人Haseeb宣布，Dragonfly已對Aptos進行戰略投資。

Haseeb表示，“Aptos正在構建下一代L1區塊鏈，在可擴展性、安全性和可用性方面具有獨特的表現，可擴展性是當今區塊鏈的核心問題，Aptos將采取多種方法將區塊鏈引入下一代。我很高興能夠支持Aptos，因為他們為下一個十億加密用戶構建了一個安全、可擴展且充滿活力的Layer1。”

此前7月份消息，Aptos完成1.5億美元融資，FTX Ventures和Jump Crypto領投。[2022/9/29 22:39:21]

AptosHybridCustodyOptionandTradePre-ExecutionMechanismSecurityissuessuchaswallettheftandwronglysigningmalicioustransactionshavealwaysbeenthenightmareofmanyusers.Therefore,Aptoshaslaunchedtwofunctions,keymanagementandsigningtransactionprecautionarymeasures,toprotectthepropertysafetyofitsusers.AccordingtotheAptoswhitepaper,Aptosaccountssupportkeyrotationandnewhybridmodelsofcustody,souserscandelegatetheabilitytorotatetheaccount’sprivatekeytooneormorecustodiansandothertrustedentities.ThentheusercandesignastrategythroughMove,thepurposeofthisstrategyistoallowthecustodiantorotatethekeyundercertaincircumstances.Thebenefitofthisisthatwhenauserloseshiskey,thecustodiancanrestoretheserviceforhiskeytoavoidlossofassets.Inaddition,thetransactionpre-executionandtransactionrestrictionservicesarealsousedbyAptostoprotectthesecurityofuserassets.Whenuserssignatransaction,Aptoswillprovidethemwithtransactionresultsandcompareknownattacksandmalicioussmartcontractsinthepast,therebyreducingtheprobabilityofusersbeingdeceived.Anduserscanalsosetlimitsontransactionssothatwhenmalicioustransactionsviolatetheserules,thetransactionwillbeterminated.SuiGaspriceandTransactionstoragemechanismThehighlightofSui'seconomicmodelisthepricingmechanismofGasandthestoragefund.ThepricingmechanismgivesusersabetterexperiencebecausetheydonotneedtopredictthecostofGas,andthevalidatorscanproposetheiridealpriceofGasforvoting,andeveniftheidealpriceisnotreached,theincentiverewardscanstillbringthemobjectiverevenue,thusreducingunhealthycompetition.andpreventdenialofservice(DoS)attacks.Thebenefitsofthestoragefundarethreefold.First,itsolvestheproblemofstoragecostsforvalidators.Second,aself-regulatingmechanismisdevelopedforSui'son-chainstorage,andvalidatorsconsciouslydeleteuselessdata.Third,itincreasesthedemandfortheuseofSuitokens,thusreducingitsinflation.1)Gaspricingmechanism,wherevalidatorsdetermineareferenceGaspricebyvoting,whichisusedasareferencepricewhenthevalidatorprocessesusertransactions.WhenavalidatorcompletesavalidationrequesttoobtainaGascostaroundthereferencepriceitwillreceivearewardfromSui,exceedingthepriceandnon-responsivevalidatorswillreducetherewardtheyreceive,andconversely,validatorsbelowthereferencepricewillreceiveanadditionalreward.2)Transactionstorage,whichisdesignedtosolvetheproblemoffutureuserspayingforthestorageofearlyadopters.SinceSuicanhandleanyamountofdataonthechainwhensubsequentusersusethesamedatastoredbypastusers,subsequentusersmayhavetopaydisproportionatelyhighstoragefeesforthem,andthisnegativenetworkexternalitywillputalotofpressureonSuiinthelongrun.Thestoragefeesaredepositedinthefundfordistributiontofuturevalidators.Inaddition,a"deletionoption"mechanismisdesignedsothattheverifieronlyneedstodeletethedatastoredinthechaintogetarebateonthestoragefee.2.4.Tokenomics

基于Aptos的DEX Cetus已上線alpha版本:9月25日消息，基于Aptos的去中心化交易所Cetus已在Aptos測試網上線了alpha版本。[2022/9/25 7:19:31]

JustonedaybeforeAptosannounceditsofficialtokenomics,thedetailsofwhicharestillwaitingfortheofficialupdate.ItisworthnotingthatthecurrenttokenomicsofSuidoesnothaveaburningmechanism,whichmightharmthetokenvalueretention.However,Sui'sstoragefundmechanismhasreducedtheinflationofSuitokenstoacertainextent.DataSource：1.https://medium.com/mysten-labs/recap-sui-ama-tokenomics-ca00967b937d2.https://aptosfoundation.org/currents/aptos-tokenomics-overview2.5.ProductProgress

Fromtheperspectiveofdevelopmentprogress,AptoswithitsthirdnetworknestsurpassesSuiatthispoint.2.6.PotentialRisks

OnMay20,2022,awell-knownAmericanentrepreneurandinvestorShariGlazersuedMohammedShaikh,founderofAptosLabs,allegingthatShaikhcheatedheroutof50%ownershipofthepartnership.Thecasehasnotyetprogressed,andifitdoes,itwillhaveasignificantimpactonMohammedShaikh,butitdoesnotinvolveAptosatthistimeandthereforewillnothaveanysignificantimpactonit.Incontrast,Suihasnothadanynegativenewsonthelegalfront,soitispotentiallylessriskythanAptos.2.7.Token

APT(Aptostoken)waslistedonOctober19,2022.AccordingtoCoingecko,APTiscurrentlypricedat$7.38witha24-hourtradingvolumeof$1,007,472,882whilethisarticleisbeingedited.TheexchangesAPThadlistedincludeGate.io,Binance,FTX,Coinbase,OKX,Kucoin,Huobi,Bybit,MEXC,etc.Drivenbymarketenthusiasm,thetradingvolumehasbeenataveryhighlevel.Incontrast,Suiisfarbehind,withnoofficialannouncementofanytokensgoingonthelistatthismoment.3.EcosystemDevelopment

3.1.ThenumberofprojectsdeployedonAptosvsSui

AccordingtotheofficialplanreleasedbyAptosonJune29,statisticsshowthattherearecurrentlyover100projectsbeingbuiltinitsecosystem,comparedtoSui'scurrentslowdevelopmentprogress,withthenumberofknownprojectsintheecosystemcurrentlyataround20.Intermsofecosystemlayout,Aptosmainlyfocusesoninfrastructure,andmostoftheDappsintheecosystemcurrentlyareDefi,DEX,anddigitalwallet,whileSuihasnotfoundanobviouslayoutyet.ApointworthnotingisthatthemainstreamapplicationsintheblockchainmarketarecurrentlydevelopedbasedontheSoliditylanguage,whichisnotcompatiblewiththeMovelanguageusedbyAptosandSui.Thismeansthatiftheprojectwantstobuildintheecosystemofboth,developersneedtorecode,whichmayreducetheefficiencyofbuildingapplicationsinbothecosystems.3.2.ProjectDevelopmentProgressonAptosvsSui

PayPal Ventures是Aptos Labs3月份2億美元融資中的投資方之一:5月31日消息，PayPal Ventures是Aptos Labs在3月份完成的2億美元融資中的投資方之一。今年3月份，由Diem原團隊成員成立的新公鏈項目Aptos完成2億美元戰略融資，由a16z領投，參投方包括Tiger Global、KatieHaun、Multicoin Capital、Three Arrows Capital、FTX Ventures和Coinbase Ventures等。（CoinDesk）[2022/6/1 3:53:58]

Atpresent,thereareasmanyas11projectsintheAptosecosysteminthetestnetworkstage,whileSuicurrentlyhasonly5.Inaddition,therearemoreprojectsintheAptosecosystemwithgreenlightbytopVCs,includingPontemNetwork,whichisrepresentedbystarbackerssupportingandateamwithatechnicalbackground.PontemWalletandLiquidswaphavealreadyenteredthetestnetworkstage.

4.BlockchainTrilemma

TheemergenceofAptosandSuihasbroughtsomeinnovationstosolvetheimpossibletriangleproblemofblockchain.ScalabilityBothofthemhavemadesignificanttechnicalinnovationstoimprovescalability,whichisoneoftheirbiggestadvantagesoverotherblockchains.Aptos'Block-STMandAptosBFThavegreatlycontributedtoitstestnetworkTPSof160,000,whileSui'suniqueassetdefinitionandconsensusmechanismhaveenableditstestnetworkTPSof125,000.SecurityTheuniquenatureoftheMovelanguageprovidesbettersecurityforAptosandSui.Inaddition,Aptos'HybridCustodyOptionandTradePre-ExecutionMechanismprovidessecurityforusers'accounts,comparedtoSui,whichhasnotmadeanymajorsecurityfeatureinnovationsexceptfortheMovelanguage.DecentralizationSui'sGaspricingmechanismimprovestherightsofverifierstoacertainextent,butingeneralSuiandAptosdonotofferanyinnovativesolutionstothedecentralizationproblem.5.Summary

Fromtheabove,ThemainadvantageofAptosisthatitsecologicaldevelopmentismuchmoreadvancedthanSui's,butthisisnotenoughtopredictthefuturedevelopmentofboth.ThesimilaritiesbetweenthetwoarethattheybothhaveoriginalDiemdevelopmentteams,bothusetheMovelanguageandhavemadeinnovationsintechnologyandeconomicmechanisms,andbothhavetier-oneinvestorsonboard.Itisdifficulttopredictwhowillperformbetterinpractice,butitiscertainthatthebirthofAptosandSuihasreignitedtheenthusiasmfornewblockchainsinthecommunityandcontributedtotheinnovationoftheblockchain.Noteworthy,ThemaincompetitorofAptosandSuiisSolana,althoughitwasrecentlyaffectedbytheFTXincident,whichcauseditstokenpriceandTVLtodecrease.However,Solanaisstillthebestexampleofatechnicalsingle-chain.TheamountofcustomersitbringstoitsecosystemthroughcooperationwithcapitalandexchangesandthusSolana'stechnicaladvantageshavelongoccupiedthetop5positionsinTVLofblockchain,sobuildingahealthyandhigh-qualityecosystemisalsoanessentialstepforthesuccessfuldevelopmentofblockchain.AptoshaspreviouslyannouncedastrategicpartnershipwithBinance,butBinancealreadyhasaBNBchain,soitisnotsureifAptoscangetmanyusersthroughBinance.Suihasnotannouncedanypartnershipwithexchange,sothereisstillagapbetweenAptosandSuiintermsofecologicaldevelopmentpotentialcomparedtotheircompetitorSolana.Disclaimer

*Thisarticlerepresentsonlytheviewsoftheobserversanddoesnotconstituteanyinvestmentsuggestions.*Gate.ioreservesallrightstothisarticle.RepostingofthearticlewillbepermittedprovidedGate.ioisreferenced.Inallothercases,legalactionwillbetakenduetocopyrightinfringement.Reference

.https://move-book.com/resources/what-is-resource.html.https://blog.pontem.network/aptos-vs-sui-a-detailed-comparison-120b2873ca58.https://aptos.dev/aptos-white-paper/aptos-white-paper-index.https://github.com/MystenLabs/sui/blob/main/doc/paper/sui.pdf.https://foresightnews.pro/article/detail/14875.https://salemal.medium.com/a-review-of-narwhal-and-tusk-a-dag-based-mempool-and-efficient-bft-consensus-bf2099908c63.https://cryptotvplus.com/2022/08/a-comparison-of-aptos-and-sui/.https://www.tuoluo.cn/article/detail-10101335.html.https://www.theblockbeats.info/news/31436.https://mirror.xyz/0xbuidlerdao.eth/MePeSGYe63OX8xXb8IwIrXzGk_S606NG7SR879XMXRE.https://www.coinonpro.com/news/toutiao/237117.html.https://secbit.io/blog/en/2019/07/10/move-programming-language-the-highlight-of-libra/.https://www.coinonvip.com/2022091011563236763.html.https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/aptosGatewaytoCryptoTradeover1,400cryptocurrenciessafely,quicklyandeasilyonGate.ioSignuptoenterthecryptogatewayandget40%commissionfromreferralsDownloadiOS/AndroidApprightnow.FollowusonsocialTwitter:https://twitter.com/gate_ioTelegram:https://t.me/gate_ioInstagram：https://www.instagram.com/gateioglobalMedium：https://medium.com/@gateioPodcast:https://gateio.buzzsprout.com/?ch=buzzsGate.ioTeamNov22nd,2022

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